Copyleft

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Ein Begriff, der im Zusammenhang von Open Source und Freie Software wichtig ist, ist das Copyleft. Die Gegenbewegung zum Copyright wurde von Richard Stallmann (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)]) begründet und verleiht Dritten die Möglichkeit sich das Copyright eines anderen zu „leihen“.

„Copyleft is a general method for making a program free software and requiring all modified and extended versions of the program to be free software as well.“ (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)])

Softwarenutzungsrechte unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich über die Strenge des Copylefts. Es kann also gesagt werden, dass eine Typisierung der Lizenzen sich nach dem Grad des Copylefts vornehmen lässt:

Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

HIER reicht ja wohl auch nur der Link zu der Quelle! Wozu nochmal was schreiben, was sowieso schon im Web steht?

http://www.ifross.de/ifross_html/lizenzcenter.html

a) BSDartige Lizenzen

Zu den BSDartigen Lizenzen gehört die Original BSD-Lizenz und die ihr nachgebildeten Derivate.

  1. Apache License (v. 1.0), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.0
  2. Apache License (v. 1.1), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.1
  3. [Apache License (v. 2.0)], http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
  4. Attribution Assurance License, http://eepatents.com/privaria/#license
  5. Berkeley Database Product License, http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/license/license_db.html
  6. 4.4 BSD Copyright (Original BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/license.html
  7. FreeBSD Copyright (Modifizierte BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html
  8. BSD License (Original), http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#6
  9. Christian Software Public License, http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Node/4081/cspl.html
  10. Cougaar Open Source License, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/7/138/license.html (qualification controversial)
  11. Cryptix General License, http://www.cryptix.org/LICENSE.TXT
  12. Eiffel Forum License (v. 1.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/forum.txt
  13. Eiffel Forum License (v. 2.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/eiffel-forum-license-2.html
  14. Entessa Public License (EPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.openseal.org/epl
  15. Free Fuzzy Logic Library Open Source License, http://ffll.sourceforge.net/license.htm
  16. Intel Open Source License for CDSA/CSSM Implementation, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/intel-open-source-license.php
  17. Lua Copyright notice, http://www.lua.org/license.html
  18. MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
  19. Mozart License, http://www.mozart-oz.org/LICENSE.html
  20. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.3), http://www.mibsoftware.com/librock/librock/license/oldap2_3.txt
  21. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.5), http://www.covalent.net/legal/docs/license_openldap.txt
  22. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.7), http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html
  23. Open Media Group Open Source License, http://www.openmediagroup.com/license.html
  24. Pangeia Informatica Copyright (v. 1.2), http://www.chkrootkit.org/COPYRIGHT
  25. Phorum License (v. 2.0), http://phorum.org/license.txt
  26. [PHP License (v. 3.0)], http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt
  27. Python Copyright, http://www.python.org/doc/Copyright.html
  28. skyBuilders Open Source License, http://www.skybuilders.com/OpenSourceLicense.html
  29. SpeechWorks Public License - Software (v. 1.1), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt
  30. 4Suite License (v. 1.1), http://4suite.org/COPYRIGHT.doc
  31. Tea Software License, http://teatrove.sourceforge.net/license.html
  32. UdanaxTM Open-Source License , http://www.udanax.com/license.html
  33. Vovida Software License, http://www.vovida.org/document/VOCAL-1.4.0/license.txt
  34. W3C Software Notice and License, http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software.html
  35. Wide Open License (WOL), http://www.dspguru.com/wol2.htm
  36. X.Net License, http://www.xnetinc.com/xiua/copyright.htm
  37. X Window System License, http://www.x.org/Downloads_terms.html
  38. The license of ZLib, http://www.gzip.org/zlib/zlib_license.html
  39. The SpeechWorks Public License (v. 1.1 ), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt

b) Sonstige Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.1), http://www.infa.abo.fi/~sundman/COSAed/afl.html
  2. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/afl-1.2.txt
  3. CNRI Open Source License Agreement (bis Python 1.6), http://www.handle.net/python_licenses/python1.6_9-5-00.html
  4. Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
  5. Galen Open Source License (GOSL), http://www.opengalen.org/gosl.html
  6. Globus Toolkit Public License, http://tyne.dl.ac.uk/StarterKit/gt2/toolkit/download/license.html
  7. Globus Toolkit Public License (GTPL) (v. 2.0), http://www-unix.globus.org/toolkit/license.html
  8. ICU License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/%7Echeckout%7E/icu/license.html
  9. ISC License, http://mirbsd.org/ISC-Licence
  10. MirOS License, http://mirbsd.org/MirOS-Licence
  11. Open Group Test Suite License, http://www.opengroup.org/testing/downloads/The_Open_Group_TSL.txt
  12. PSF License Agreement (Python), http://www.python.org/2.0.1/license.html
  13. Ruby License, http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt
  14. Sendmail License, http://www.sendmail.org/ftp/LICENSE
  15. SFL License Agreement (iMatix), http://www.imatix.com/html/sfl/sfl4.htm
  16. Standard ML of New Jersey Copyright Notice, http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/what/smlnj/license.html
  17. Suneido Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
  18. Tcl/Tk License Terms, http://dev.scriptics.com/software/tcltk/license_terms.html
  19. xinetd License, http://www.xinetd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xinetd/COPYRIGHT?rev=1.1.1.1;content-type=text%2Fplain
  20. Zope Public License (v. 2.1), http://www.zope.org/Resources/ZPL

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen (http://www.ifross.de/)

Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

a) GPLartige Lizenzen

  1. Affero General Public License, http://www.affero.org/oagpl.html
  2. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
  3. Alternate Route Open Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/alternateroute/arosl.htm
  4. CrossPoint Quelltextlizenz, http://www.crosspoint.de/srclicense.html
  5. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
  6. FreeCard License, http://freecard.sourceforge.net/website/licence/license.php
  7. GNU Classpath - GPL with special exception, http://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html
  8. GNU Emacs General Public License, http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/emacs_gpl.html
  9. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copying-1.0.html
  10. [GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0)], http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl.html
  11. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/gpl-ger.html
  12. Honest Public License (HPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.funambol.com/opensource/project/HPLv1.1.txt
  13. Open Patent License, http://www.fsmlabs.com/openpatentlicense.html 28

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Apple Public Source License (v. 2.0), http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/2.0.txt
  2. Arphic Public License, http://lmj.nagaokaut.ac.jp/doc/ttf-arphic-bsmi00lp/license/english/ARPHICPL.TXT.gz
  3. Common Public License, http://www.eclipse.org/legal/cpl-v10.html
  4. Deutsche Freie Softwarelizenz (d-fsl), http://www.d-fsl.org
  5. [[http://server02.is.uni-sb.de/courses/wiki/index.php/Eclipse_public_license
Eclipse Public License (v. 1.0)]], http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
  1. IBM Public License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/license10.html
  2. Jabber Open Source License, http://www.jabber.org/about/josl.shtml
  3. Nethack General Public License, http://www.nethack.org/common/license.html
  4. Open Group Public License, http://www.opengroup.org/openmotif/license
  5. Open Software License (OSL) (v 2.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-2.1.php
  6. RedHat eCos Public License (v. 1.1), http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html
  7. Salutation Public License, http://www.salutation.org/lite/lite_license.htm
  8. Software AG License Terms (Quip License) (v. 1.3), http://developer.softwareag.com/tamino/quip/license.htm
  9. Vim License, http://www.polarhome.com/vim/manual/v61/uganda.html#license

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([1])

Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

a) MPLartige Lizenzen

  1. Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) (v. 1.0), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html
  2. Erlang Public License (v. 1.1), http://www.erlang.org/EPLICENSE
  3. ICS Open Source Public License, http://www.opencontrol.org/OSPL.htm
  4. Interbase Public License, http://www.borland.com/devsupport/interbase/opensource/IPL.html
  5. Mozilla Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.0.html
  6. [Mozilla Public License (v. 1.1)], http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.1.html
  7. NASA Open Source Agreement (v. 1.3), http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/worldwind-nosa-1.3.html
  8. Netizen Open Source License (NOSL), http://web.archive.org/web/20000815212105/bits.netizen.com.au/licenses/NOSL
  9. Nokia Open Source License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/nokia.php
  10. Open Telecom Public License, http://www.opentelecom.org/otpl/otpl.html
  11. Ricoh Source Code Public License, http://www.risource.org/RPL/RPL-1.0A.shtml
  12. Sun Public License, http://www.netbeans.org/about/legal/spl.html
  13. Sun Industry Standards Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/sissl_license.html
  14. Zenplex Public License, http://www.zenplex.org/zpl_txt.html
  15. Common Developement and distribution License (CDDL), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Bremer Lizenz für freie Softwarebibliotheken (OSCI-Lizenz) (v. 1.0), http://www.bva.bund.de
  2. Cougaar Open Source License Agreement, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/17/126/old_cosl_license.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  3. Hi-Potent Open Source License, http://www.hi-potent.com/license.html
  4. GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
  5. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1), http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/lgpl.html
  6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/lgpl-ger.html
  7. Microsoft Community License (Ms-CL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/communitylicense.mspx
  8. Motosoto Open Source License (v. 0.9.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/motosoto.php
  9. Sybase Open Watcom Public License, http://downloads.openwatcom.org/ftp/license.txt
  10. wxWindows Library License (v. 3.0), http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~wxxt/licence.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([2])

Lizenzen mit Wahlmöglichkeiten

  1. Artistic License (v. 1.0), http://www.perl.com/language/misc/Artistic.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  2. Artistic License (v. 2.0), http://www.perlfoundation.org/legal/licenses/artistic-2_0.html
  3. Clarified Artistic License, http://www.statistica.unimib.it/utenti/dellavedova/software/artistic2.html
  4. Keith Devens' Open Source License, http://www.keithdevens.com/software/license/
  5. LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) (v. 1.2), http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt
  6. Microsoft Permissive License (Ms-PL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/permissivelicense.mspx
  7. Physnet Package License, http://35.9.69.219/home/modules/license.html
  8. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.0) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/SGIFreeSWLicB.1.0.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  9. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.1) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/ (Einordnung umstritten)
  10. Sleepycat Software Product License, http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/sleepycat/license.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([3])

Lizenzen mit Sonderrechten

  1. Apple Public Source License (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apsl.php (Einordnung umstritten)
  2. Macromedia Open Source License Agreement (v. 1.0), http://www.adobe.com/v1/handlers/index.cfm?ID=23075
  3. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.0.html
  4. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.1.html
  5. OCLC Research Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.oclc.org/research/software/license/index.shtm
  6. OCLC Research Public License (v. 2.0), http://purl.oclc.org/oclc/research/ORPL
  7. Open Map Software License Agreement, http://openmap.bbn.com/license.html
  8. Q Public License (QPL), http://www.trolltech.com/developer/licensing/qpl.html
  9. RealNetworks Community Source License (v 2.0) https://helixcommunity.org/content/rcsl
  10. RealNetworks Public Source License (RPSL) (v. 1.0), https://community.helixcommunity.org/content/rpsl

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([4])

… weitere Daten zur Seite „Copyleft
Die Gegenbewegung zum Copyright wurde von Richard Stallmann (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)]) begründet und verleiht Dritten die Möglichkeit sich das Copyright eines anderen zu „leihen“. +