Copyleft

Ein Begriff der im Zusammenhang von Open Source und Freie Software wichtig ist, ist das Copyleft. Die Gegenbewegung zum Copyright wurde von Richard Stallmann (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)]) begründet und verleiht Dritten die Möglichkeit sich das Copyright eines anderen zu „leihen“.

„Copyleft is a general method for making a program free software and requiring all modied and extended versions of the program to be free software as well.“ (Free Software Foundation[(http://www.fsf.org)])

Softwarenutzungsrechte unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich über die Strenge des Copylefts. Es kann also gesagt werden, dass eine Typisierung der Lizenzen sich nach dem Grad des Copylefts vornehmen lässt:

HIER reicht ja wohl auch eine einfacher Link zum der (abgekupferten) Seite!

Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

a) BSDartige Lizenzen

Zu den BSDartigen Lizenzen gehört die Original BSD-Lizenz und die ihr nachgebildeten Derivate.

1. Apache License (v. 1.0), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.0
2. Apache License (v. 1.1), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.1
3. Apache License (v. 2.0), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
4. Attribution Assurance License, http://eepatents.com/privaria/#license
5. Berkeley Database Product License, http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/license/license_db.html
6. 4.4 BSD Copyright (Original BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/license.html
7. FreeBSD Copyright (Modifizierte BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html
8. BSD License (Original), http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#6
9. Christian Software Public License, http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Node/4081/cspl.html
10. Cougaar Open Source License, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/7/138/license.html (qualification controversial)
11. Cryptix General License, http://www.cryptix.org/LICENSE.TXT
12. Eiffel Forum License (v. 1.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/forum.txt
13. Eiffel Forum License (v. 2.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/eiffel-forum-license-2.html
14. Entessa Public License (EPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.openseal.org/epl
15. Free Fuzzy Logic Library Open Source License, http://ffll.sourceforge.net/license.htm
16. Intel Open Source License for CDSA/CSSM Implementation, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/intel-open-source-license.php
17. Lua Copyright notice, http://www.lua.org/license.html
18. MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
19. Mozart License, http://www.mozart-oz.org/LICENSE.html
20. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.3), http://www.mibsoftware.com/librock/librock/license/oldap2_3.txt
21. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.5), http://www.covalent.net/legal/docs/license_openldap.txt
22. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.7), http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html
23. Open Media Group Open Source License, http://www.openmediagroup.com/license.html
24. Pangeia Informatica Copyright (v. 1.2), http://www.chkrootkit.org/COPYRIGHT
25. Phorum License (v. 2.0), http://phorum.org/license.txt
26. PHP License (v. 3.0), http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt
27. Python Copyright, http://www.python.org/doc/Copyright.html
28. skyBuilders Open Source License, http://www.skybuilders.com/OpenSourceLicense.html
29. SpeechWorks Public License - Software (v. 1.1), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt
30. 4Suite License (v. 1.1), http://4suite.org/COPYRIGHT.doc
31. Tea Software License, http://teatrove.sourceforge.net/license.html
32. UdanaxTM Open-Source License , http://www.udanax.com/license.html
33. Vovida Software License, http://www.vovida.org/document/VOCAL-1.4.0/license.txt
34. W3C Software Notice and License, http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software.html
35. Wide Open License (WOL), http://www.dspguru.com/wol2.htm
36. X.Net License, http://www.xnetinc.com/xiua/copyright.htm
37. X Window System License, http://www.x.org/Downloads_terms.html
38. The license of ZLib, http://www.gzip.org/zlib/zlib_license.html
39. The SpeechWorks Public License (v. 1.1 ), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt

b) Sonstige Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

1. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.1), http://www.infa.abo.fi/~sundman/COSAed/afl.html
2. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/afl-1.2.txt
3. CNRI Open Source License Agreement (bis Python 1.6), http://www.handle.net/python_licenses/python1.6_9-5-00.html
4. Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
5. Galen Open Source License (GOSL), http://www.opengalen.org/gosl.html
6. Globus Toolkit Public License, http://tyne.dl.ac.uk/StarterKit/gt2/toolkit/download/license.html
7. Globus Toolkit Public License (GTPL) (v. 2.0), http://www-unix.globus.org/toolkit/license.html
8. ICU License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/%7Echeckout%7E/icu/license.html
9. ISC License, http://mirbsd.org/ISC-Licence
10. MirOS License, http://mirbsd.org/MirOS-Licence
11. Open Group Test Suite License, http://www.opengroup.org/testing/downloads/The_Open_Group_TSL.txt
12. PSF License Agreement (Python), http://www.python.org/2.0.1/license.html
13. Ruby License, http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt
14. Sendmail License, http://www.sendmail.org/ftp/LICENSE
15. SFL License Agreement (iMatix), http://www.imatix.com/html/sfl/sfl4.htm
16. Standard ML of New Jersey Copyright Notice, http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/what/smlnj/license.html
17. Suneido Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
18. Tcl/Tk License Terms, http://dev.scriptics.com/software/tcltk/license_terms.html
19. xinetd License, http://www.xinetd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xinetd/COPYRIGHT?rev=1.1.1.1;content-type=text%2Fplain
20. Zope Public License (v. 2.1), http://www.zope.org/Resources/ZPL

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen (http://www.ifross.de/)

Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

a) GPLartige Lizenzen

1. Affero General Public License, http://www.affero.org/oagpl.html
2. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
3. Alternate Route Open Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/alternateroute/arosl.htm
4. CrossPoint Quelltextlizenz, http://www.crosspoint.de/srclicense.html
5. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
6. FreeCard License, http://freecard.sourceforge.net/website/licence/license.php
7. GNU Classpath - GPL with special exception, http://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html
8. GNU Emacs General Public License, http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/emacs_gpl.html
9. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copying-1.0.html
10. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0), http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl.html
11. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/gpl-ger.html
12. Honest Public License (HPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.funambol.com/opensource/project/HPLv1.1.txt
13. Open Patent License, http://www.fsmlabs.com/openpatentlicense.html 28

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

1. Apple Public Source License (v. 2.0), http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/2.0.txt
2. Arphic Public License, http://lmj.nagaokaut.ac.jp/doc/ttf-arphic-bsmi00lp/license/english/ARPHICPL.TXT.gz
3. Common Public License, http://www.eclipse.org/legal/cpl-v10.html
4. Deutsche Freie Softwarelizenz (d-fsl), http://www.d-fsl.org
5. Eclipse Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
6. IBM Public License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/license10.html
7. Jabber Open Source License, http://www.jabber.org/about/josl.shtml
8. Nethack General Public License, http://www.nethack.org/common/license.html
9. Open Group Public License, http://www.opengroup.org/openmotif/license
10. Open Software License (OSL) (v 2.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-2.1.php
11. RedHat eCos Public License (v. 1.1), http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html
12. Salutation Public License, http://www.salutation.org/lite/lite_license.htm
13. Software AG License Terms (Quip License) (v. 1.3), http://developer.softwareag.com/tamino/quip/license.htm
14. Vim License, http://www.polarhome.com/vim/manual/v61/uganda.html#license

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([1])

Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

a) MPLartige Lizenzen

1. Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) (v. 1.0), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html
2. Erlang Public License (v. 1.1), http://www.erlang.org/EPLICENSE
3. ICS Open Source Public License, http://www.opencontrol.org/OSPL.htm
4. Interbase Public License, http://www.borland.com/devsupport/interbase/opensource/IPL.html
5. Mozilla Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.0.html
6. Mozilla Public License (v. 1.1), http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.1.html
7. NASA Open Source Agreement (v. 1.3), http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/worldwind-nosa-1.3.html
8. Netizen Open Source License (NOSL), http://web.archive.org/web/20000815212105/bits.netizen.com.au/licenses/NOSL
9. Nokia Open Source License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/nokia.php
10. Open Telecom Public License, http://www.opentelecom.org/otpl/otpl.html
11. Ricoh Source Code Public License, http://www.risource.org/RPL/RPL-1.0A.shtml
12. Sun Public License, http://www.netbeans.org/about/legal/spl.html
13. Sun Industry Standards Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/sissl_license.html
14. Zenplex Public License, http://www.zenplex.org/zpl_txt.html
15. Common Developement and distribution License (CDDL), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

1. Bremer Lizenz für freie Softwarebibliotheken (OSCI-Lizenz) (v. 1.0), http://www.bva.bund.de
2. Cougaar Open Source License Agreement, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/17/126/old_cosl_license.html (Einordnung umstritten)
3. Hi-Potent Open Source License, http://www.hi-potent.com/license.html
4. GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
5. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1), http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/lgpl.html
6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/lgpl-ger.html
7. Microsoft Community License (Ms-CL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/communitylicense.mspx
8. Motosoto Open Source License (v. 0.9.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/motosoto.php
9. Sybase Open Watcom Public License, http://downloads.openwatcom.org/ftp/license.txt
10. wxWindows Library License (v. 3.0), http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~wxxt/licence.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([2])

Lizenzen mit Wahlmöglichkeiten

1. Artistic License (v. 1.0), http://www.perl.com/language/misc/Artistic.html (Einordnung umstritten)
2. Artistic License (v. 2.0), http://www.perlfoundation.org/legal/licenses/artistic-2_0.html
3. Clarified Artistic License, http://www.statistica.unimib.it/utenti/dellavedova/software/artistic2.html
4. Keith Devens' Open Source License, http://www.keithdevens.com/software/license/
5. LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) (v. 1.2), http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt
6. Microsoft Permissive License (Ms-PL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/permissivelicense.mspx
7. Physnet Package License, http://35.9.69.219/home/modules/license.html
8. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.0) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/SGIFreeSWLicB.1.0.html (Einordnung umstritten)
9. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.1) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/ (Einordnung umstritten)
10. Sleepycat Software Product License, http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/sleepycat/license.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([3])

Lizenzen mit Sonderrechten

1. Apple Public Source License (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apsl.php (Einordnung umstritten)
2. Macromedia Open Source License Agreement (v. 1.0), http://www.adobe.com/v1/handlers/index.cfm?ID=23075
3. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.0.html
4. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.1.html
5. OCLC Research Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.oclc.org/research/software/license/index.shtm
6. OCLC Research Public License (v. 2.0), http://purl.oclc.org/oclc/research/ORPL
7. Open Map Software License Agreement, http://openmap.bbn.com/license.html
8. Q Public License (QPL), http://www.trolltech.com/developer/licensing/qpl.html
9. RealNetworks Community Source License (v 2.0) https://helixcommunity.org/content/rcsl
10. RealNetworks Public Source License (RPSL) (v. 1.0), https://community.helixcommunity.org/content/rpsl

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([4])