Copyleft

Aus InfoWissWiki - Das Wiki der Informationswissenschaft
Zur Navigation springen Zur Suche springen

Ein Begriff, der im Zusammenhang von Open Source und Freie Software wichtig ist, ist das Copyleft. Die Gegenbewegung zum Copyright wurde von Richard Stallmann (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)]) begründet und verleiht Dritten die Möglichkeit sich das Copyright eines anderen zu „leihen“.

„Copyleft is a general method for making a program free software and requiring all modified and extended versions of the program to be free software as well.“ (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)])

Softwarenutzungsrechte unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich über die Strenge des Copylefts. Es kann also gesagt werden, dass eine Typisierung der Lizenzen sich nach dem Grad des Copylefts vornehmen lässt:

Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

HIER reicht ja wohl auch nur der Link zu der Quelle! Wozu nochmal was schreiben, was sowieso schon im Web steht?

http://www.ifross.de/ifross_html/lizenzcenter.html

a) BSDartige Lizenzen

Zu den BSDartigen Lizenzen gehört die Original BSD-Lizenz und die ihr nachgebildeten Derivate.

  1. Apache License (v. 1.0), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.0
  2. Apache License (v. 1.1), http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-1.1
  3. [Apache License (v. 2.0)], http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
  4. Attribution Assurance License, http://eepatents.com/privaria/#license
  5. Berkeley Database Product License, http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/license/license_db.html
  6. 4.4 BSD Copyright (Original BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/license.html
  7. FreeBSD Copyright (Modifizierte BSD-Lizenz), http://www.de.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html
  8. BSD License (Original), http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#6
  9. Christian Software Public License, http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Node/4081/cspl.html
  10. Cougaar Open Source License, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/7/138/license.html (qualification controversial)
  11. Cryptix General License, http://www.cryptix.org/LICENSE.TXT
  12. Eiffel Forum License (v. 1.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/forum.txt
  13. Eiffel Forum License (v. 2.0), http://www.eiffel-nice.org/license/eiffel-forum-license-2.html
  14. Entessa Public License (EPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.openseal.org/epl
  15. Free Fuzzy Logic Library Open Source License, http://ffll.sourceforge.net/license.htm
  16. Intel Open Source License for CDSA/CSSM Implementation, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/intel-open-source-license.php
  17. Lua Copyright notice, http://www.lua.org/license.html
  18. MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
  19. Mozart License, http://www.mozart-oz.org/LICENSE.html
  20. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.3), http://www.mibsoftware.com/librock/librock/license/oldap2_3.txt
  21. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.5), http://www.covalent.net/legal/docs/license_openldap.txt
  22. OpenLDAP Public License (v. 2.7), http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html
  23. Open Media Group Open Source License, http://www.openmediagroup.com/license.html
  24. Pangeia Informatica Copyright (v. 1.2), http://www.chkrootkit.org/COPYRIGHT
  25. Phorum License (v. 2.0), http://phorum.org/license.txt
  26. [PHP License (v. 3.0)], http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt
  27. Python Copyright, http://www.python.org/doc/Copyright.html
  28. skyBuilders Open Source License, http://www.skybuilders.com/OpenSourceLicense.html
  29. SpeechWorks Public License - Software (v. 1.1), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt
  30. 4Suite License (v. 1.1), http://4suite.org/COPYRIGHT.doc
  31. Tea Software License, http://teatrove.sourceforge.net/license.html
  32. UdanaxTM Open-Source License , http://www.udanax.com/license.html
  33. Vovida Software License, http://www.vovida.org/document/VOCAL-1.4.0/license.txt
  34. W3C Software Notice and License, http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software.html
  35. Wide Open License (WOL), http://www.dspguru.com/wol2.htm
  36. X.Net License, http://www.xnetinc.com/xiua/copyright.htm
  37. X Window System License, http://www.x.org/Downloads_terms.html
  38. The license of ZLib, http://www.gzip.org/zlib/zlib_license.html
  39. The SpeechWorks Public License (v. 1.1 ), http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/openvxi/OpenVXI_1_4/License.txt

b) Sonstige Lizenzen ohne Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.1), http://www.infa.abo.fi/~sundman/COSAed/afl.html
  2. Academic Free License (AFL) (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/afl-1.2.txt
  3. CNRI Open Source License Agreement (bis Python 1.6), http://www.handle.net/python_licenses/python1.6_9-5-00.html
  4. Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
  5. Galen Open Source License (GOSL), http://www.opengalen.org/gosl.html
  6. Globus Toolkit Public License, http://tyne.dl.ac.uk/StarterKit/gt2/toolkit/download/license.html
  7. Globus Toolkit Public License (GTPL) (v. 2.0), http://www-unix.globus.org/toolkit/license.html
  8. ICU License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/%7Echeckout%7E/icu/license.html
  9. ISC License, http://mirbsd.org/ISC-Licence
  10. MirOS License, http://mirbsd.org/MirOS-Licence
  11. Open Group Test Suite License, http://www.opengroup.org/testing/downloads/The_Open_Group_TSL.txt
  12. PSF License Agreement (Python), http://www.python.org/2.0.1/license.html
  13. Ruby License, http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt
  14. Sendmail License, http://www.sendmail.org/ftp/LICENSE
  15. SFL License Agreement (iMatix), http://www.imatix.com/html/sfl/sfl4.htm
  16. Standard ML of New Jersey Copyright Notice, http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/what/smlnj/license.html
  17. Suneido Free Software License, http://www.suneido.com/free_software_license.htm
  18. Tcl/Tk License Terms, http://dev.scriptics.com/software/tcltk/license_terms.html
  19. xinetd License, http://www.xinetd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xinetd/COPYRIGHT?rev=1.1.1.1;content-type=text%2Fplain
  20. Zope Public License (v. 2.1), http://www.zope.org/Resources/ZPL

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen (http://www.ifross.de/)

Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

a) GPLartige Lizenzen

  1. Affero General Public License, http://www.affero.org/oagpl.html
  2. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
  3. Alternate Route Open Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/bridge/alternateroute/arosl.htm
  4. CrossPoint Quelltextlizenz, http://www.crosspoint.de/srclicense.html
  5. eCos license (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ecos-license.html
  6. FreeCard License, http://freecard.sourceforge.net/website/licence/license.php
  7. GNU Classpath - GPL with special exception, http://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html
  8. GNU Emacs General Public License, http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/emacs_gpl.html
  9. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copying-1.0.html
  10. [GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0)], http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl.html
  11. GNU General Public License (GPL) (v. 2.0) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/gpl-ger.html
  12. Honest Public License (HPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.funambol.com/opensource/project/HPLv1.1.txt
  13. Open Patent License, http://www.fsmlabs.com/openpatentlicense.html 28

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit strengem Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Apple Public Source License (v. 2.0), http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/2.0.txt
  2. Arphic Public License, http://lmj.nagaokaut.ac.jp/doc/ttf-arphic-bsmi00lp/license/english/ARPHICPL.TXT.gz
  3. Common Public License, http://www.eclipse.org/legal/cpl-v10.html
  4. Deutsche Freie Softwarelizenz (d-fsl), http://www.d-fsl.org
  5. [Eclipse Public License (v. 1.0)], http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
  6. IBM Public License, http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/license10.html
  7. Jabber Open Source License, http://www.jabber.org/about/josl.shtml
  8. Nethack General Public License, http://www.nethack.org/common/license.html
  9. Open Group Public License, http://www.opengroup.org/openmotif/license
  10. Open Software License (OSL) (v 2.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-2.1.php
  11. RedHat eCos Public License (v. 1.1), http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/license-overview.html
  12. Salutation Public License, http://www.salutation.org/lite/lite_license.htm
  13. Software AG License Terms (Quip License) (v. 1.3), http://developer.softwareag.com/tamino/quip/license.htm
  14. Vim License, http://www.polarhome.com/vim/manual/v61/uganda.html#license

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([1])

Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

a) MPLartige Lizenzen

  1. Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) (v. 1.0), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html
  2. Erlang Public License (v. 1.1), http://www.erlang.org/EPLICENSE
  3. ICS Open Source Public License, http://www.opencontrol.org/OSPL.htm
  4. Interbase Public License, http://www.borland.com/devsupport/interbase/opensource/IPL.html
  5. Mozilla Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.0.html
  6. [Mozilla Public License (v. 1.1)], http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/MPL-1.1.html
  7. NASA Open Source Agreement (v. 1.3), http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/worldwind-nosa-1.3.html
  8. Netizen Open Source License (NOSL), http://web.archive.org/web/20000815212105/bits.netizen.com.au/licenses/NOSL
  9. Nokia Open Source License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/nokia.php
  10. Open Telecom Public License, http://www.opentelecom.org/otpl/otpl.html
  11. Ricoh Source Code Public License, http://www.risource.org/RPL/RPL-1.0A.shtml
  12. Sun Public License, http://www.netbeans.org/about/legal/spl.html
  13. Sun Industry Standards Source License (v. 1.1), http://www.openoffice.org/licenses/sissl_license.html
  14. Zenplex Public License, http://www.zenplex.org/zpl_txt.html
  15. Common Developement and distribution License (CDDL), http://www.sun.com/cddl/cddl.html

b) Sonstige Lizenzen mit beschränktem Copyleft-Effekt

  1. Bremer Lizenz für freie Softwarebibliotheken (OSCI-Lizenz) (v. 1.0), http://www.bva.bund.de
  2. Cougaar Open Source License Agreement, http://cougaar.org/docman/view.php/17/126/old_cosl_license.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  3. Hi-Potent Open Source License, http://www.hi-potent.com/license.html
  4. GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.0), http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lgpl.html
  5. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1), http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/lgpl.html
  6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (v. 2.1) - Inoffizielle deutsche Übersetzung, http://www.gnu.de/lgpl-ger.html
  7. Microsoft Community License (Ms-CL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/communitylicense.mspx
  8. Motosoto Open Source License (v. 0.9.1), http://opensource.org/licenses/motosoto.php
  9. Sybase Open Watcom Public License, http://downloads.openwatcom.org/ftp/license.txt
  10. wxWindows Library License (v. 3.0), http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~wxxt/licence.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([2])

Lizenzen mit Wahlmöglichkeiten

  1. Artistic License (v. 1.0), http://www.perl.com/language/misc/Artistic.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  2. Artistic License (v. 2.0), http://www.perlfoundation.org/legal/licenses/artistic-2_0.html
  3. Clarified Artistic License, http://www.statistica.unimib.it/utenti/dellavedova/software/artistic2.html
  4. Keith Devens' Open Source License, http://www.keithdevens.com/software/license/
  5. LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) (v. 1.2), http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt
  6. Microsoft Permissive License (Ms-PL), http://www.microsoft.com/resources/sharedsource/licensingbasics/permissivelicense.mspx
  7. Physnet Package License, http://35.9.69.219/home/modules/license.html
  8. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.0) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/SGIFreeSWLicB.1.0.html (Einordnung umstritten)
  9. SGI Free Software License B (v. 1.1) , http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/ (Einordnung umstritten)
  10. Sleepycat Software Product License, http://www.sleepycat.com/docs/sleepycat/license.html

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([3])

Lizenzen mit Sonderrechten

  1. Apple Public Source License (v. 1.2), http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apsl.php (Einordnung umstritten)
  2. Macromedia Open Source License Agreement (v. 1.0), http://www.adobe.com/v1/handlers/index.cfm?ID=23075
  3. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.0), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.0.html
  4. Netscape Public License (NPL) (v. 1.1), http://www.mozilla.org/NPL/NPL-1.1.html
  5. OCLC Research Public License (v. 1.0), http://www.oclc.org/research/software/license/index.shtm
  6. OCLC Research Public License (v. 2.0), http://purl.oclc.org/oclc/research/ORPL
  7. Open Map Software License Agreement, http://openmap.bbn.com/license.html
  8. Q Public License (QPL), http://www.trolltech.com/developer/licensing/qpl.html
  9. RealNetworks Community Source License (v 2.0) https://helixcommunity.org/content/rcsl
  10. RealNetworks Public Source License (RPSL) (v. 1.0), https://community.helixcommunity.org/content/rpsl

Quelle: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Freien und Open Source Software, Lizenzen ([4])

… weitere Daten zur Seite „Copyleft
Die Gegenbewegung zum Copyright wurde von Richard Stallmann (Free Software Foundation [(http://www.fsf.org)]) begründet und verleiht Dritten die Möglichkeit sich das Copyright eines anderen zu „leihen“. +